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101.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(3):2915-2922
The growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) is a significant factor affecting the failure mechanism of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) during cyclic high temperature service. In this work, a complicated finite element model with two semicircles reflecting the undulation of TGO interfaces was proposed, and four representative shapes of TGO interfaces were selected. There are mainly two methods to simulate TGO growth under high temperature, and each method was achieved by implementation of user subroutines in finite element method. A total of 100 thermal cycle loads were applied to the TBCs continuously. The stress evolution in the layers of Top Ceramic Coating (TC) and Bond Coating (BC) at the end of each thermal cycle load was obtained, the influence of TGO growth on stress evolution was analyzed, the differences between two methods of TGO growth were discussed. The results show that under TGO growth simulated by the first method, the stress distribution in the y direction does not change in both TC and BC layer, and the maximum stress decreases a lot in TC layer but nearly remains the same in BC. When the growth of TGO was simulated by the second method, stress evolution is complex and undergoes up to five stages with a small undulation or convex of TGO interfaces. Stress evolution in BC layer remains as the same as in the first method. Moreover, the maximum stress increases continually in BC layer. The comparison of these two simulation method would help to study the failure of TBCs caused by TGO growth. 相似文献
102.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(8):2731-2745
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a pivotal role in protecting the hot structures of modern turbine engines in aerospace as well as utility applications. To meet the increasing efficiency of gas turbine technology, worldwide research is focused on designing new architecture of TBCs. These TBCs are mainly fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) as it is more economical over the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology. Notably, bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC structures are recognized as favorable designs to obtain adequate coating performance and durability. In this regard, an attempt has been made in this article to highlight the structure, characteristics, limitations and future prospects of bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC systems fabricated using plasma spraying and its allied techniques like suspension plasma spray (SPS), solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) and plasma spray –physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD). 相似文献
103.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(7):2667-2673
Yb2SiO5 (ytterbium monosilicate) top coatings and Si bond coat layer were deposited by air plasma spray method as a protection layer on SiC substrates for environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) application. The Yb2SiO5-coated specimens were subjected to isothermal heat treatment at 1400 °C on air for 0, 1, 10, and 50 h. The Yb2SiO5 phase of the top coat layer reacted with Si from the bonding layer and O2 from atmosphere formed to the Yb2Si2O7 phase upon heat treatment at 1400 °C. The oxygen penetrated into the cracks to form SiO2 phase of thermally grown oxide (TGO) in the bond coat and the interface of specimens during heat treatment. Horizontal cracks were also observed, due to a mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the top coat and bond coat. The isothermal heat treatment improves the hardness and elastic modulus of Yb2SiO5 coatings; however, these properties in the Si bond coat were a little bit decreased. 相似文献
104.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(17):27219-27225
Designing double metal-dielectric (cermet) solar selective absorber coatings (SSACs) often requires complex co-sputtering techniques with multiple targets. This inevitably limits the simple and low-cost industrial fabrication. Here, we develop novel nano-multilayered MoOx-based SSACs by simple and stable one-step reactive magnetron sputtering process using single molybdenum target. The proposed multilayer SSACs exhibit good solar absorptance of 0.93 and low thermal emittance of 0.06. Owing to the temperature-induced oxygen diffusion and oxidation phenomenon the as-sputtered SSACs have a poor thermal tolerance under air atmosphere, and after annealing at 200 °C for 150 h, the resulting absorptance is diminished from 0.93 to 0.90. However, the optical performance of the annealed SSAC is relatively stable in high-vacuum environment, even after annealing at 450 °C for 200 h, it still displays an ideal spectral selectivity of 0.92/0.07. With above properties, the resulting MoOx-based SSAC is a promising absorber for enduring thermal harvesting in solar vacuum collectors. 相似文献
105.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(11):18698-18706
Three different kinds of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) — 8YSZ, 38YSZ and a dual-layered (DL) TBCs with pure Y2O3 on the top of 8YSZ were produced on nickel-based superalloy substrate by air plasma spraying (APS). The Calcium–Magnesium–Aluminum-Silicate (CMAS) corrosion resistance of these three kinds of coatings were researched via burner rig test at 1350 °C for different durations. The microstructures and phase compositions of the coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. With the increase of Y content, TBCs exhibit better performance against CMAS corrosion. The corrosion resistance against CMAS of different TBCs in descending was 8YSZ + Y2O3, 38YSZ and 8YSZ, respectively. YSZ diffused from TBCs into the CMAS, and formed Y-lean ZrO2 in TBCs because of the higher diffusion rate and solubility of Y3+ in CMAS than Zr4+. At the same time, 38YSZ/8YSZ + Y2O3 reacts with CAMS to form Ca4Y6(SiO4)6O/Y4·67(SiO4)3O with dense structure, which can prevent further infiltration of CMAS. The failure of 8YSZ coatings occurred at the interface between the ceramic coating and the thermally grown oxide scale (TGO)/bond coating. During the burner rig test, the Y2O3 layer of the DL TBCs peeled off progressively and the 8YSZ layer exposed gradually. DL coatings keep roughly intact and did not meet the failure criteria after 3 h test. 38YSZ coating was partially ablated, the overall thickness of the coating is thinned simultaneously after 2 h. Therefore, 8YSZ + Y2O3 dual-layered coating is expected to be a CMAS corrosion-resistant TBC with practical properties. 相似文献
106.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2020,45(15):8094-8106
A titanium Porous Transport Layer (PTL) is usually used at the anode side of PEM water electrolyzers to ensure both the gas/water transport and the electric charges transfer. In this paper, four different sintered Ti powder PTLs were characterized to determine some properties, such as the pore size distribution, the porosity, and the permeability. Their influence on the electrolysis performance was investigated by using a 30 cm2 segmented cell which allowed measuring the current density distribution, while controlling temperature and pressure conditions. For a better understanding, in-situ techniques such as the Polarization Curves and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used. A local characterization of mass transport limitations caused by oxygen saturation was carried out, paying special attention to the pressure influence when using a PTL with very small pores. The results showed that current density heterogeneities can be explained by microstructure changes along the PTL. The optimal geometric characteristics of the PTL depend not only on the operating conditions such as current density, pressure, and temperature but also on the catalyst layer properties. A new model for the constriction resistance between the catalyst layer and the PTL was proposed. 相似文献
107.
In this work, CuInS2/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layers are fabricated by the sol–gel spin-coating method. We introduce two forms of MWCNTs into a CIS2 solution, washed functional multiwalled carbon nanotubes (W-FMWCNTs) and unwashed-functional multiwalled carbon nanotubes (UW-FMWCNTs), in order to investigate the effects of MWCNTs and an acidic environment on the physical properties of the CIS2 absorber layers. The structure and morphology of the samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The XRD study shows that all samples crystallize in a tetragonal structure. The results obtained from the optical, thermo-electric, and electrical measurements indicate that the two groups of CIS2 layers prepared using W- and UW-FMWCNTs show the opposite behaviors. The Seebeck coefficient (SC) measurements indicate possible formation of a p–n junction. 相似文献
108.
An improved multi-recessed 4H–SiC metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MRD-MESFET) with double-recessed p-buffer layer (DRB-MESFET) is proposed in this paper. By introducing a double-recessed p-buffer layer, the gate depletion layer is further modulated, and higher drain saturation current and DC transconductance are obtained compared with the MRD-MESFET. The simulations show that the drain saturation current of the DRB-MESFET is about 42.4% larger than that of the MRD-MESFET. The DC transconductance of the DRB-MESFET is almost 15% higher than that of the MRD-MESFET and very close to that of double-recessed structure (DR-MESFET) at the bias conditions of Vgs=0 V and Vds=40 V. The proposed structure has an improvement of 26.1% and 74.2% in the output maximum power density compared with that of the MRD-MESFET and DR-MESFET, respectively. In the meanwhile, the proposed structure possesses smaller gate-source capacitance, which results in better RF characteristics. 相似文献
109.
Graphene oxide (GO) is widely used as an interfacial material in applications such as organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. Herein we report a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled GO thin film as an anode interfacial layer (AIL) for efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). The GO thin film is fabricated by alternately depositing cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and GO on ITO/glass substrate, which possesses controllable thickness by adjusting LbL deposition frequency. The presence of ultrathin GO films improves the work function of ITO, leading to a better contact between the active layer and ITO anode. With the optimized number of deposition times, the efficiency of 6.04% for the PSC with PDDA-GO bilayer (GO-2) as the AIL was achieved. 相似文献
110.
向家坝水电站二期纵向围堰上游段座落于厚达45~62 m的覆盖层上,为提高接头段深厚覆盖层地基承载力,且保证导流期不同江水位时的堰体稳定,优化调整方案为,将接头段和导水段改为柔性结构。详细介绍了柔性结构段基础处理中所涉及的施工程序、施工技术和异常情况处理等。二纵围堰经过了2009年和2010年两个汛期的考验,安全监测显示与实际运行表明,柔性结构体结构稳定。将导水结构堰体改为柔性结构体,不仅节约了投资,而且保证了二期截流工程按施工总进度计划实施。 相似文献